You are here: Home / Archives for All Articles / News on personal tax

Tax rules full electric cars will change as of the year 2019

by

The tax rules for full electric cars will change as of the year 2019. It can still be very interesting to get a full electric company car before the end of 2018 in order to avoid the “Tesla tax”. In the below we give an overview of the current company car tax system as well as the changes for the coming years.

Bijtelling / adding benefit company car to salary
Having the benefit of a company car is seen as an income (“bijteling”), unless you drive it less than 500 kilometers per year for private use and you keep an administration of these kilometers.

When you buy a full electric car (only applicable when zero emission) car in 2018, you will fall under the 4% “bijtelling” (added taxable salary because of the benefit of driving a company car). This bijtelling is calculated over the gross catalogue value of the car, so when the catalogue value is EUR 40,000, the bijtelling is 4% x EUR 40,000 = EUR 1,600 which amount is added to your salary and taxed at the applicable progressive rate. So if the top of your salary falls in the 42% rate, the payable wage tax on the company car is EUR 1,600 x 42% = EUR 672.

This 4% bijtelling will remain applicable for 5 years as of the moment the car is first registered. Also when the car is sold so someone else this five year period (as started as of registration first owner) will remain. After those five years (so at the latest at the end of 2023) the bijtelling rate will go to 22%.

If you buy a full electric car in 2019 or 2020 the rules are different, still 4% bijtelling applies as long as the catalogue value of the car is below EUR 50,000. When the catalogue is higher than EUR 50,000, the excess will get a bijtelling of 22% (unless the fuel is water based). Also referred to as the Tesla-tax. So if the catalogue value is EUR 70,000, the first EUR 50,000 will have a bijtelling of 4% the remainder (EUR 20,000) will have a bijtelling of 22%. So it will be a mix of rates. As of 2021 the bijtelling rate will be 22% on all electric cars.

Corporate income tax
There is also a tax incentive for full electric cars for corporate income tax purposes. In 2018 there is an (environmental) deduction of 36% over the catalogue value till EUR 50,000 (only when the car is bought new), if the car is more expensive than on the excess the 36% deduction does not apply. It is obigatory to request this incentive by registering at the “RVO” agency within three months (after signing the purchase agreement with the car dealer) in order to obtain this incentive.

VAT
As far as the VAT refund, this is also applicable for non-electric cars, you can get a full refund of VAT when the car is bought (or financial lease) by the company. Also VAT on running costs can be deducted, however VAT has to be paid on private use, if no records of the private use is kept, you should pay a deemed VAT amount on annual basis, being 2,7% over the catalogue value.

Road tax
Till 2021 no road tax for full electric cars, as of 2021 the normal road tax applies also on full electric cars.

Company owner with company car
In general company cars will become less attractive for tax purposes after 5 years, because there will be no more depreciation and the bijtelling in this case will increase considerably. So best to take it out of your company after five years. If the car has been fully depreciated in those five years, the gain on the sale is profit for your company. But you can take the market value which after five years may be limited at that time especially given the uncertain market for electric cars.

Please note that this is the (suggested) legislation as per 2018, rules may well change the coming years since as it stands now in a few years time the electrical will have the same tax treatment as regular fuelled cars, which may lead to electrical cars becoming far less interesting whilst the environmental rules the Netherlands has to meet are strict and becoming stricter for the coming years. So there may well be further more interesting change of the above legislation the coming years.

If you have any questions, or a concrete vehicle you wish to purchase, please contact us and we can advise further on the above.

Qualification individual objections to income equity tax 2017

by

Individual objections to income equity tax assessments 2017 will be treated as one ‘mass’ objection. As of the tax year 2017 the calculation method of the deemed interest has changed. This new method has lead to criticism.

This new deemed interest method is a fiction based upon a fiction. Deemed are both the sort of investments made as well as the interest made on these investments.

If you have objected, or if you are planning to object to the personal income tax assessment 2017,  the following will be of importance. The State Secretary of Finance has decided that all individual objections to income equity tax assessments 2017 will be treated as one ‘mass’ objection. This will save individual tax payers from a lot of work and court / advisory fees.

Already objections against the 2017 equity tax deemed interest method have been processed by the tax office and will come before tax court. the final outcome of these procedures will be leading for the outcome of all individual objections against the 2017 income tax assessments.

However there are some conditions for your objection to fall under this ‘mass’ objection procedure. Your objection should contain the following legal question:
In the fiscal year 2017, are the flat-rate elements of the system, in conjunction with the tax exempted threshold and the tax rate of 30%, in violation of:
1. Article 1 of the First Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter: ECHR), without assessing the violation of the “fair balance” at the level of the individual taxpayer; or
2. the prohibition of discrimination under Article 14 ECHR?

The Dutch legal language version you can find in the link below to the actual Decision of the State Secretary of Finance.

If in the end of the test procedures, the deemed interest system is indeed in breach with EU law, it is expected that counterproof is most likely allowed on individual basis.

If following this counterproof that deemed interest is e.g. at least 10% higher than the actual realised result in 2017, this lower actual interest will be the taxable value. Tax court will develop such a method in case there is a breach with EU law.

Please be aware that despite this ‘mass’ objection procedure, individual tax payers are still held to object on time (within six weeks after the date of the final personal income tax assessment 2017).

Till date, although many procedures have been before tax court, still the deemed interest method (applicable till 2017) active since the year 2001 is not in breach with the legal freedom the Dutch legislator has to impose tax law.

It is difficult to predict the outcome of these test procedures although regarding another valuation method (value of rented out real estate) containing fiction upon fiction, counterproof was allowed by tax court.

In case the test case leads to the conclusion that there is no breach with EU law, you could still consider the following solution: Hold your equity through your own personal limited liability company!

Decision State Secretary of Finance: Mass objection equity tax 2017

Excessive burden leads to a tax reduction in box 3 Dutch equity tax

by

An excessive burden can lead to a (time-proportional) reduction of box 3 (Dutch tax on equity). A previous ruling by the Court of Appeal has now been confirmed by the Supreme Court.

It regarded a very specific case in which a man had invested his capital in SNS Reaal shares on 31 January 2013. A day later, i.e. on February 1, 2013, the Dutch State took over the shares of the financial concern to save SNS Reaal from a probable collapse.

Per box 3 reference date 1 January 2013, this man owned approximately EUR 275,000 in the form of shares in another company. This investment he exchanged for the shares in SNS Reaal, which became worthless on 1 February 2013. Because of this unpleasant turn, the man’s income fell below the poverty line.

Despite the fact that the reference date in the box 3 system does not take account of the development of the assets during the remainder of the tax year after the reference date, the Court felt that this was still an excessive burden in the tax year 2013.

This excessive burden arose, according to the Court, with regard to the fiscal year 2013 from 1 February to the end of 2013. As a result, the Court has applied a time-proportional reduction over the box 3 capital for the period February to December, so that his capital was only taxed for a pro rata 1/12th part.

The Supreme Court has followed this ruling of the Court, but it also found that the Court went very far in applying non-existing legislation in terms of a time-proportionate application.

It is questionable whether this ruling can also apply for example when crypto coins collapse. For more recent tax years, it can in any case be advisable to object to the height of the deemed interest used in box 3. This ruiling indicates that some evidence to the contrary – in addition to the stacking of deemed interest – is still permitted.

As an alternative to box 3, it is possible to only be taxed for the actual interest in box 2! For example, in case of fluctuating and / or low-yielding assets.

We can assist you with drawing up your personal income tax return, we can also assist you in a possible objection procedure.

Tax refund if your tax burden fluctuated over a period of three years

by

You could be eligible for a tax refund if your tax burden fluctuated strongly over a consecutive period of three years.

Did you have a highly variable income spread over three consecutive years? Then you probably pay more tax than if you receive that income evenly over a year. You can then qualify for the so called averaging scheme (“middeling”).

With averaging you calculate your average income over 3 consecutive calendar years. This is the averaging period. You then calculate how much tax you have to pay per year. Are the new tax amounts lower than those of the previous attacks? Then you may be entitled to a refund.

For whom is averaging meant? Here are a number of example situations:

You got a permanent job after your graduation and you had a part-time job besides your studies.
You received a severance payment (‘golden handshake’) and then a WW benefit.
You have started or stopped working in recent years.
You work as a freelancer or as an entrepreneur.
You have taken unpaid leave (for example for a sabbatical).
You started working part-time.

Are you a foreign taxpayer in one or more of the relevant three years. Then the following applies to the averaging arrangement.

From tax year 2015
You may use the averaging arrangement if you are a qualifying non-resident taxpayer (no longer a choice).

Tax years 2014 and earlier
You may use the averaging arrangement if you have opted for the resident taxpayer as a foreign taxpayer. Or if you earn 90% or more of your total income (worldwide income) in the Netherlands.

We can take care of the entire procedure for averaging. In addition, we can assist you in drawing up your income tax returns.

Proof may not be reversed without invitation letter

by

The Dutch tax authorities may not reverse the burden of proof if an invitation to file a personal income tax return (aangiftebrief) has not been sent them first.

Recently, Tax Court issued a judgment in a case in which the tax authorities wanted to reverse the burden of proof after imposing an ex officio estimated income tax assessment.

The taxpayer in this case had not filed a tax return and also had not received an income tax return invitation from the tax authorities. The inspector made an ex officio estimated tax assessment and took the view that the burden of proof was on the taxpayer to refute the amounts of the ex officio tax assessment.

The Court saw sufficient reason to submit the burden of proof – of the estimated amounts of the ex officio assessment – to the tax authorities because the taxpayer did not submit an (incorrect) declaration and had not received an invitation to file a tax return. At least the inspector could not provide evidence that such an invitation had indeed been sent to the taxpayer, although the inspector was convinced that it was.

Incidentally, the inspector in this case still had the chance to successfully defend the height of his ex officio attack so that this estimated tax assessment was maintained.

Perhaps the Tax Authorities will try to prevent a similar future case as much as possible by sending many taxpayers an invitation to file a tax return.

7.9 million people were invited over the tax year 2017, including persons who would not actually have to file a declaration, making the invitation in such cases more like an unauthorized ‘fishing expedition’.

The law hereby imposes the following restriction on the inspector: “Pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 1 AWR, the inspector … can invite the person who, in his opinion, is presumed to be liable to pay tax or is liable to pay deductions.” So there must be a suspicion before an invitation can be send.

In view of the formalities and the impact of such an invitation, it should only be issued in evident situations: “anyone who has been invited to prepare a tax return is required to make a declaration by means of the information requested in the invitation, clearly, firmly and without reservation….”

With or without tax return invitation letter (aangiftebrief) we can be of service to you when drawing up your personal income tax return.

Tax qualification Interest Rate Swap (IRS) mortgage loan and box 3

by

Dutch High Counsil has now decided that an Interest Rate Swap (IRS) with a negative value is to be part of the debt in box 3.

An IRS is a complex financial product used in many loan varieties. In short a IRS  is an agreement between an individual/company and the bank on the basis of which this individual/company has an obligation towards the bank on the one hand and a right against the bank on the other. The IRS is generally used to manage or hedge interest rate risks, or to speculate on developments in interest rates.

The value development of an IRS is largely dependent on the development of the fixed market interest rate. If the fixed market interest rate falls in relation to the agreed fixed interest rate, the swap will have a negative value for the individual/company and vice versa.

Last year the Dutch High Court had already decided that reimbursements paid on an IRS related to financing of own home properties were non tax deductible. The reason being that the link between the IRS and the finance loan for own home propierty was to limited to allow a deduction of costs related to this IRS.

The most recent decision to qualify such negative value of an IRS as a debt in box 3 is therefore in line with last years’ decision to view the IRS as a separate asset and liability towards the bank.

More in general, if you own a financial product abroad than for tax purposes the qualification of such product (e.g. annuities, pensions, deposits, loans and other financial plans) is to be done according to Dutch tax standards.

It is recommended that you perform such qualification as otherwise the Dutch tax office may – in case they successfully claim such product to be taxable in the Netherlands – impose additional tax assessments plus fines and interest for the prior twelve tax years.

We can assist to prepare such a qualification of your foreign financial products according to Dutch tax standards.

Furthermore we can take up the correct qualification of your income, assets and debts in your personal income tax returns.